Genotype data for 372 wheat breeding lines that were introduced to Australia as part of the CAIGE project and tested in yield trials between 2011 and 2020. Analyses using these data were published in: Fradgley, N.S., Gerard, G.S., Govindan, V. et al. Prediction of Australian wheat genotype by environment interactions and mega-environments. Theor Appl Genet 138, 241 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-05023-6. Lineage: Genotyping was carried out using the Illumina Infinium Wheat Barley 40K SNP array (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756877) and marker positions are aligned to both the Chinese Spring reference genomes v 1.0 and 2.0.